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Carbon tetrachloride

Carbon tetrachloride, also known by many other names (the most notable being tetrachloromethane, also recognized by the IUPAC, carbon tet in the cleaning industry, Halon-104 in firefighting, and Refrigerant-10 in HVACR) is an organic compound with the chemical formula CCl4. It was formerly widely used in fire extinguishers, as a precursor to refrigerants and as a cleaning agent. It is a colourless liquid with a “sweet” smell that can be detected at low levels. It has practically no flammability at lower temperatures.

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Further Information

Names

IUPAC nameCarbon tetrachloride, Tetrachloromethane

Other names

Benziform, Benzinoform, Carbon chloride, Carbon tet, Freon-10, Refrigerant-10, Halon-104, Methane tetrachloride, Methyl tetrachloride, Perchloromethane, Tetraform, Tetrasol

Identifiers

CAS Number: 56-23-5

JSmol: Interactive image

ChEBI: CHEBI:27385

ChEMBL: ChEMBL44814

ChemSpider: 5730

ECHA InfoCard: 100.000.239

EC Number: 200-262-8

KEGG: C07561

PubChem: 5943

RTECS number: FG4900000

UNII: CL2T97X0V0

UN number: 1846

Properties

Chemical formula: CCl4

Molar mass: 153.81 g·mol

Appearance: colourless liquid

Odor: ether

Density: 1.5867 g cm (liquid)

−31.831 g cm at −186 °C (solid)
1.809 g cm at −80 °C (solid)

Melting point: −22.92 °C (−9.26 °F; 250.23 K)

Boiling point: 76.72 °C (170.10 °F; 349.87 K)

Solubility in water: 0.097 g/100 mL (0 °C)
0.081 g/100 mL (25 °C)

Solubility: alcohol

log : 2.64

Vapor pressure: 11.94 kPa at 20 °C

Henry’s law
constant: 2.76×10 atm-cu m/mol

Magnetic susceptibility: -66.60·10 cm/mol−63

Refractive index: 1.4607

Dipole moment: 0 D

Structure

Crystal structure: Monoclinic

Coordination geometry: Tetragonal

Molecular shape: Tetrahedral

Dipole moment: 0 D

Thermochemistry

Specific
heat capacity: 132.6 J/mol K

Std molar
entropy: 214.42 J/mol K

Std enthalpy of
formation: -139.3 kJ/mol

Gibbs free energy: -686 kJ/mol

Hazards

Safety data sheet: See:

EU classification:

R-phrases: R23/24/25 R40 R48/23 R59 R52/53

S-phrases: (S1/2) S23 S36/37 S45 S59 S61

NFPA 704:

Flash point: <982°C

Autoignition
temperature: 982 °C (1,800 °F; 1,255 K)

median dose: 2350 mg/kg

median concentration: 5400 ppm (mammal)
8000 ppm (rat, 4 hr)
9526 ppm (mouse, 8 hr)

lowest published: 1000 ppm (human)
20,000 ppm (guinea pig, 2 hr)
38,110 ppm (cat, 2 hr)
50,000 ppm (human, 5 min)
14,620 ppm (dog, 8 hr)

NIOSH

PEL: TWA 10 ppm C 25 ppm 200 ppm (5-minute maximum peak in any 4 hours)

REL: Ca ST 2 ppm (12.6 mg/m) [60-minute]3

IDLH: 200 ppm

Related compounds

cations: Silicon tetrachloride

Related chloromethanes: Chloromethane

Related compounds: Tetrafluoromethane

Supplementary data page

Structure and
properties: n

Thermodynamic
data: Phase behaviour

Spectral data: UV

Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their(at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their(at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).