Names
Preferred IUPAC name: Formic acid
Systematic IUPAC nameMethanoic acid
Other names
Carbonous acid; Formylic acid; Hydrogen carboxylic acid; Hydroxy(oxo)methane; Metacarbonoic acid; Oxocarbinic acid; Oxomethanol
Identifiers
CAS Number: 64-18-6
JSmol: Interactive image
ChEBI: CHEBI:30751
ChEMBL: ChEMBL116736
ChemSpider: 278
DrugBank: DB01942
ECHA InfoCard: 100.000.527
EC Number: 200-579-1
E number: (preservatives)
KEGG: C00058
PubChem: 284
RTECS number: LQ4900000
UNII: 0YIW783RG1
Properties
Chemical formula: CH2O2
Molar mass: 46.03 g·mol
Appearance: Colorless fuming liquid
Odor: Pungent, penetrating
Density: 1.220 g/mL
Melting point: 8.4 °C (47.1 °F; 281.5 K)
Boiling point: 100.8 °C (213.4 °F; 373.9 K)
Solubility in water: Miscible
Solubility: ether
log : −0.54
Vapor pressure: 35 mmHg (20 °C)
K: 3.77
Magnetic susceptibility: -19.90·10 cm/mol−63
Refractive index: 1.3714 (20 °C)
Viscosity: P
Structure
Molecular shape: Planar
Dipole moment: D
Thermochemistry
Std molar
entropy: 131.8 J/mol K
Std enthalpy of
formation: −425.0 kJ/mol
Std enthalpy of
combustion: −254.6 kJ/mol
Pharmacology
ATCvet code: WHOQP53AG01
Hazards
hazards: Corrosive; irritant;
sensitizer
Safety data sheet: See:
R-phrases: R10 R35
S-phrases: (S1/2) S23 S26 S45
NFPA 704:
Flash point: 69 °C (156 °F; 342 K)
Autoignition
temperature: 601 °C (1,114 °F; 874 K)
Explosive limits: 14–34%
18%–57% (90% solution)[]
LD
median dose: 700 mg/kg (mouse, oral), 1100 mg/kg (rat, oral), 4000 mg/kg (dog, oral)
median concentration: 7853 ppm (rat, 15 min)
3246 ppm (mouse, 15 min)
NIOSH
PEL: TWA 5 ppm (9 mg/m)3
REL: TWA 5 ppm (9 mg/m)3
IDLH: 30 ppm
Related compounds
carboxylic acids: Acetic acid
Related compounds: Formaldehyde
Supplementary data page
Structure and
properties: n
Thermodynamic
data: Phase behaviour
Spectral data: UV
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their(at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their(at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references