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Naphthalene

Naphthalene is an organic compound with formula C10H8. It is the simplest polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, and is a white crystalline solid with a characteristic odor that is detectable at concentrations as low as 0.08 ppm by mass. As an aromatic hydrocarbon, naphthalene’s structure consists of a fused pair of benzene rings. It is best known as the main ingredient of traditional mothballs.

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Further Information

Names

Preferred IUPAC name: Naphthalene

Systematic IUPAC nameBicyclo[4.4.0]deca-1,3,5,7,9-pentaene
Bicyclo[4.4.0]deca-2,4,6,8,10-pentaene

Other names

white tar, camphor tar, tar camphor, naphthalin, naphthaline, antimite, albocarbon, hexalene, mothballs, moth flakes

Identifiers

CAS Number: 91-20-3

JSmol: Interactive image

Beilstein Reference: 1421310

ChEBI: CHEBI:16482

ChEMBL: ChEMBL16293

ChemSpider: 906

ECHA InfoCard: 100.001.863

EC Number: 214-552-7

Gmelin Reference: 3347

KEGG: C00829

PubChem: 931

RTECS number: QJ0525000

UNII: 2166IN72UN

Properties

Chemical formula: C10H8

Molar mass: 128.17 g·mol

Appearance: White solid crystals/ flakes

Odor: Strong odor of coal tar

Density: 1.145 g/cm (15.5 °C)
1.0253 g/cm (20 °C)
0.9625 g/cm (100 °C)333

Melting point: 78.2 °C (172.8 °F; 351.3 K)
80.26 °C (176.47 °F; 353.41 K)
at 760 mmHg

Boiling point: 217.97 °C (424.35 °F; 491.12 K)
at 760 mmHg

Solubility in water: 19 mg/L (10 °C)
31.6 mg/L (25 °C)
43.9 mg/L (34.5 °C)
80.9 mg/L (50 °C)
238.1 mg/L (73.4 °C)

Solubility: alcohols

Solubility: 5 g/100 g (0 °C)
11.3 g/100 g (25 °C)
19.5 g/100 g (40 °C)
179 g/100 g (70 °C)

Solubility: 6.8 g/100 g (6.75 °C)
13.1 g/100 g (21.5 °C)
31.1 g/100 g (42.5 °C)
111 g/100 g (60 °C)

Solubility: 19.5 g/100 g (0 °C)
35.5 g/100 g (25 °C)
49.5 g/100 g (40 °C)
87.2 g/100 g (70 °C)

Solubility: 5.5 g/100 g (0 °C)
17.5 g/100 g (25 °C)
30.8 g/100 g (40 °C)
78.8 g/100 g (70 °C)

Solubility: 13.6 g/100 g (6.75 °C)
22.1 g/100 g (21.5 °C)
131.6 g/100 g (60 °C)

log : 3.34

Vapor pressure: 8.64 Pa (20 °C)
23.6 Pa (30 °C)
0.93 kPa (80 °C)
2.5 kPa (100 °C)

Henry’s law
constant: 0.42438 L·atm/mol

Magnetic susceptibility: -91.9·10 cm/mol−63

Thermal conductivity: 98 kPa:
0.1219 W/m·K (372.22 K)
0.1174 W/m·K (400.22 K)
0.1152 W/m·K (418.37 K)
0.1052 W/m·K (479.72 K)

Refractive index: 1.5898

Viscosity: 0.964 cP (80 °C)
0.761 cP (100 °C)
0.217 cP (150 °C)

Structure

Crystal structure: Monoclinic

Space group: P2/b1

Point group: C

Lattice constant: = 8.235 Å, = 6.003 Å, = 8.658 Å

Thermochemistry

Specific
heat capacity: 165.72 J/mol·K

Std molar
entropy: 167.39 J/mol·K

Std enthalpy of
formation: 78.53 kJ/mol

Gibbs free energy: 201.585 kJ/mol

Std enthalpy of
combustion: -5156.3 kJ/mol

Hazards

hazards: Flammable

GHS pictograms:

GHS signal word: Danger

GHS hazard statements: H228 H302 H351 H410

GHS precautionary statements: P210 P273 P281 P501

NFPA 704:

Flash point: 80 °C (176 °F; 353 K)

Autoignition
temperature: 525 °C (977 °F; 798 K)

Explosive limits: 5.9%

Threshold limit value: 10 ppm (TWA), 15 ppm (STEL)

median dose: 1800 mg/kg (rat, oral)
490 mg/kg (rat, oral)
1200 mg/kg (guinea pig, oral)
533 mg/kg (mouse, oral)

NIOSH

PEL: TWA 10 ppm (50 mg/m)3

REL: TWA 10 ppm (50 mg/m) ST 15 ppm (75 mg/m)33

IDLH: 250 ppm

Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their(at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their(at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

Infobox references